AWS Architecture

Serverless and cloud-native architecture patterns for airline systems.

Scope

Compute

• AWS Lambda for business logic
• Step Functions for orchestration
• ECS/Fargate for containers (if needed)

API Layer

• API Gateway (REST and HTTP)
• AppSync (GraphQL)
• CloudFront (CDN)

Data

• Prisma Postgres (managed PostgreSQL)
• Prisma Accelerate (edge caching)
• Redis (optional, sessions)
• S3 (object storage)

Integration

• EventBridge (events)
• SQS (queuing)
• SNS (notifications)
• Kinesis (streaming)

Research Topics

• AWS Well-Architected Framework review
• Lambda performance optimization
• Step Functions patterns (Saga)
• Prisma Postgres integration patterns
• Cost optimization strategies
• Multi-region architecture
• Disaster recovery patterns
• AWS reference architectures

Architecture Considerations

Lambda Configuration

Cold Start Mitigation

Strategies:
├── Provisioned Concurrency (for critical paths)
├── Lambda SnapStart (Java)
├── Keep-warm pattern (scheduled ping)
├── Smaller deployment packages
└── Lazy initialization

Step Functions Booking Saga

{
  "StartAt": "ReserveSeat",
  "States": {
    "ReserveSeat": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:...:ReserveSeat",
      "Catch": [{
        "ErrorEquals": ["States.ALL"],
        "Next": "CancelReservation"
      }],
      "Next": "ProcessPayment"
    },
    "ProcessPayment": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:...:ProcessPayment",
      "Catch": [{
        "ErrorEquals": ["States.ALL"],
        "Next": "RefundAndCancel"
      }],
      "Next": "IssueTicket"
    },
    "IssueTicket": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:...:IssueTicket",
      "End": true
    },
    "RefundAndCancel": {
      "Type": "Parallel",
      "Branches": [
        {"StartAt": "RefundPayment", ...},
        {"StartAt": "CancelReservation", ...}
      ],
      "End": true
    }
  }
}

EventBridge Patterns

Event Sources → EventBridge → Event Rules → Targets

Example Events:
├── booking.created
├── booking.cancelled
├── flight.delayed
├── inventory.updated
└── payment.processed

Integration Points

Cost Optimization

Strategies

• Right-size Lambda memory
• Use Savings Plans for baseline
• Reserved capacity for predictable workloads
• Spot instances for batch processing
• S3 lifecycle policies
• Prisma Postgres usage monitoring

Cost Breakdown (Target: $200-350/month)

Lambda: ~$50-100
├── Requests: First 1M free, then $0.20/1M
└── Duration: Based on GB-seconds

API Gateway: ~$50-100
├── REST API: $3.50/million
└── HTTP API: $1.00/million (prefer this)

Prisma Postgres (Pro): $49/month
├── 10M operations included
├── +$0.02/10K additional operations
└── 50 GB storage included

S3/Other: ~$50-100
├── Storage per GB
└── Requests

Security

Network

• VPC for database
• VPC endpoints for AWS services
• Security groups
• No public IPs for compute

Data

• Encryption at rest (KMS)
• Encryption in transit (TLS 1.3)
• Field-level encryption (sensitive data)

Access

• IAM roles (least privilege)
• Resource-based policies
• Cognito for user authentication

Monitoring

CloudWatch

Key Metrics:
├── Lambda: Duration, Errors, Throttles, ConcurrentExecutions
├── API Gateway: 4XX, 5XX, Latency, Count
├── Prisma: Query duration, cache hit rate (via Prisma Console)
└── Step Functions: ExecutionsFailed, ExecutionTime

Alarms

Reference Implementation

• AWS Serverless Airline Booking: aws-samples/aws-serverless-airline-booking
• Step Functions Saga: aws-samples/aws-step-functions-saga-pattern-with-sam